Building in Iraq

Iraq Economic Forecast

Iraq Economic Outlook

GDP recorded growth of 7.0% in 2022, buoyed by a recovery in the energy sector. However, the economy appears to be losing steam so far in 2023. A shortage of dollars and rising price pressures are hurting the non-energy economy. In addition, the panorama for the oil sector has dimmed. Oil production rose 3.0% year on year in Q1, far below the 2022 average variation. Moreover, a further deceleration in the oil sector is expected in Q2: OPEC+ announced further cuts from May, and 450,000 barrels per day of oil flows via a northern pipeline to Turkey have been halted since late-March by an international court ruling. More positively, the expansionary 2023–2025 budget presented in March should support demand if approved. Moreover, TotalEnergies recently reached a deal with the government to invest USD 10 billion in the country; the decision could spur similar commitments by other energy firms.

Iraq Inflation

Inflation fell to 5.3% in March from 6.9% in February. Inflation should average lower in 2023 than in 2022 on easing external price pressures and the re-pegging of the dinar at a stronger rate. Key upside risks are depreciation of the black-market FX rate and fiscal stimulus following eventual approval of the budget.

This chart displays Economic Growth (GDP, annual variation in %) for Iraq from 2013 to 2022.

Iraq Economic Data

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Population (million) 37.1 38.1 39.1 40.1 41.2
GDP (USD bn) 189 226 232 180 206
GDP per capita (USD) 5,076 5,939 5,931 4,492 5,011
GDP (IQD bn) 221,666 268,919 276,158 215,662 301,153
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 12.6 21.3 2.7 -21.9 39.6
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) -1.8 2.6 5.5 -12.0 1.6
Oil Production (mn barrels per day, aop) 4.44 4.55 4.68 4.05 4.02
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 13.0 14.1 15.1 16.2 16.2
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -1.5 7.8 0.8 -13.9 -0.4
Public Debt (% of GDP) 59.1 47.8 45.1 84.3 59.2
Money (ann. var. of M2 %) 2.6 2.7 8.4 15.9 16.7
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.6 6.0
CBI Policy Rate (%, eop) 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Exchange Rate (IQD per USD, eop) 1,184 1,190 1,190 1,461 1,460
Exchange Rate (IQD per USD, aop) 1,176 1,188 1,190 1,196 1,460
Current Account Balance (USD bn) 14.9 34.4 15.8 -6.2 24.6
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) 7.9 15.2 6.8 -3.4 11.9
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) 25.4 47.5 32.2 5.9 38.4
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 57.6 86.4 81.6 46.8 73.1
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 32.2 38.9 49.4 40.9 34.7
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 39.4 50.0 -5.5 -42.6 56.1
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) 10.7 20.8 27.1 -17.2 -15.2
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) -5.0 -4.9 -3.5 -2.9 -2.6
International Reserves (USD bn) 45.6 60.8 63.3 48.6 58.6
International Reserves (months of imports) 17.0 18.8 15.4 14.2 20.2

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